知识点总结
不定式的语法功能：除不能作谓语，其他句子成分都可。
1.不定式作主语
To see is to believe.
常用it作形式主语
It's for sb/It's of sb
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, cruel, right。
It's very nice of you to help me
2.不定式作宾语
I want to speak to Tom.
Please show us how to do that.
3.不定式作宾补
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
b. We believe him to be guilty.
4.不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
5.不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
6.不定式作状语
1）目的状语
to… ,only to (仅仅为了),in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
I come here only to say good-bye to you.
2）结果状语
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3)原因状语
I'm glad to see you.
用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，
stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，
be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意
省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。He wants to do nothing but go out.
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.
动词不定式的否定式
★放在不定式符号to 前面
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
不定式特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to太…以至于不能…
He is too excited to speak.
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend.(谚语)
3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.
He was but too eager to get home.
不定式特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
不定式的形式和主、被动
形式主、被动 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 一般式：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.
2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3) 进行式： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行式： 表示动作或状态从谓语动作之前一直持续到谓语动作发生。
She is known to have been thinking over the problem for many days.
动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相近。
begin/ start to do ＝ begin/ start doing; continue to do ＝continue doing
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有9 组：
误区提醒
1.不定式的不同形式误用；2.被动语态中仍然省to；3.否定形式not位置弄错；4.主动语态中该省to不省; 5.不定式作定语时丢内容
【典型例题】
1) The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
解析：答案B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
2) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
解析： why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
3） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
解析： make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略，故答案B.。
4)S he pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A.not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
解析：答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
解析：答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，否定形式为be warned not to do。
